EuroPi

# Poly Square

author: Tyler Schreiber (github.com/t-schreibs)  
date: 2022-05-10
labels: oscillator, poly

An oscillator? On the EuroPi? You bet!

This script makes use of a small PIO program to produce six square wave oscillators, each of which can be set to different frequencies. For a brief primer on the Pi Pico's PIO, visit https://blues.io/blog/raspberry-pi-pico-pio/. The core PIO program for this script had its origins in Ben Everard's great little article on HackSpace: https://hackspace.raspberrypi.com/articles/raspberry-pi-picos-pio-for-mere-mortals-part-3-sound. Is it all just assembly code magic? Yes, sort of, but it really isn't all that scary if you take the time to learn how the different PIO instructions work. There are only 9 of them!

The Poly Square is six independent oscillators which output on CVs 1-6. The base pitch is set by the analog input, which is interpreted as a V/oct input with 0V = C. Knob 1 allows for detuning of the 6 voices, and as the knob is turned clockwise, the spread between them increases. Button 2 toggles the maximum detune between a half step and a major 9th. Knob 2 sets the polyphony mode.

## The polyphony modes
The following is a table of all available polyphony modes, as well as the offset of each CV output from the root note (shown in half steps):
| Mode | CV1 | CV2 | CV3 | CV4 | CV5 | CV6 |
|---|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
| Unison | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5th | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Octave | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Power chord | 0 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 12 |
| Stacked 5ths | 0 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 7 | 14 |
| Minor triad | 0 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 15 |
| Major triad | 0 | 7 | 16 | 0 | 7 | 16 |
| Diminished | 0 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 6 | 15 |
| Augmented | 0 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 8 | 16 |
| Major 6th | 0 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 9 |
| Major 7th | 0 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 11 |
| Minor 7th | 0 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 10 |
| Major penta. | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 12 |
| Minor penta. | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 12 |
| Whole tone | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 |

## Tuning mode
When button 1 is depressed, tuning mode is activated, and it remains active until the button is released. While in tuning mode, the base pitch for a 0V signal may be adjusted. In tuning mode, knob 1 is repurposed to adjust coarse tuning (up to 8 octaves) while knob 2 handles fine tuning (up to an octave). Tuning settings are saved to storage when button 1 is released.

Credits:
- The Europi hardware and firmware was designed by Allen Synthesis: https://github.com/Allen-Synthesis/EuroPi
- The basis of the PIO code is from an example written by Ben Everard in a HackSpace article: https://hackspace.raspberrypi.com/articles/raspberry-pi-picos-pio-for-mere-mortals-part-3-sound
- Thanks to djmjr (github.com/djmjr) for testing that 6 oscillators can be run simultaneously, and for the idea to refrain from adjusting tuning settings until the knobs have been moved

# Controls
- digital_in: unused
- analog_in: V/oct
- knob_1: detune
- knob_2: polyphony mode
- button_1: while depressed, 'tuning mode' is turned on; this changes the knob functionality:
    - knob_1: coarse tune (up to 8 octaves)
    - knob_2: fine tune (up to an octave swing)
- button_2: toggles the maximum detune between a half step and a major 9th
- output_1: oscillator 1
- output_2: oscillator 2
- output_3: oscillator 3
- output_4: oscillator 4
- output_5: oscillator 5
- output_6: oscillator 6

## Basic Usage
1. Switch on
2. Connect outputs to mixer, filters, what have you
3. Send V/oct signal to analog input
4. Enjoy square waves

## Details
Polyphony modes are easy to add! Just add them to the PolySquare.modes list.