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# Display Parameters
The display controller includes configuration for four resolutions, all at 60 Hz: 640x480, 800x600, 1280x720, and 1920x1080. This document includes the coordinates, timings, and clocks, for these resolutions.
## Contents
- **[Screen Coordinates](#screen-coordinates)**
- **[Display Timings](#display-timings)**
- **[Display Clocks](#display-clocks)**
See [README](/README.md) and [modules](modules.md) for more documentation.
## Screen Coordinates
Project F uses 16-bit signed integers (two's complement) to represent screen coordinates. Blanking intervals, which have negative coordinates, proceed the active screen area, which starts at (0,0).
| Resolution | Blanking Begins | Active Ends |
|-------------|----------------------------|-----------------------------|
| 640 x 480 | (-160,-45) (0xFF60,0xFFD3) | ( 639, 479) (0x027F,0x01DF) |
| 800 x 600 | (-256,-28) (0xFF00,0xFFE4) | ( 799, 599) (0x031F,0x0257) |
| 1280 x 720 | (-370,-30) (0xFE8E,0xFFE2) | (1279, 719) (0x04FF,0x02CF) |
| 1920 x 1080 | (-280,-45) (0xFEE8,0xFFD3) | (1919,1079) (0x077F,0x0437) |
Hex values in this table are useful when debugging or writing assembler. For example, you can pack the vertical and horizontal position into a 32-bit value: 0x001FFF60 would be line 31 (1F) and pixel -160 (0xFF60).
The following diagram illustrates the coordinate system for a 1280x720p60 display:
## Display Timings
Video timings are a complex area with several different specifications; for example, VESA Coordinated Video Timings (CVT) includes four variants for common HD resolutions. This document won't go into all the variants; instead, we provide conservative timings that should work with all displays. These timings are based on VESA DMT v1.3 (available from [vesa.org](https://vesa.org/vesa-standards/)) and CTA-861-G (available from [cta.tech](https://cta.tech/Research-Standards/Standards.aspx)).
See the [display_timings](modules.md#display-timings) module for details on using these parameters.
| Parameter | 640 x 480 | 800 x 600 | 1280 x 720 | 1920 x 1080 |
|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Standard | Historical | VESA DMT | CTA-770.3 | SMPTE 274M |
| H_RES | 640 | 800 | 1280 | 1920 |
| V_RES | 480 | 600 | 720 | 1080 |
| H_FP | 16 | 40 | 110 | 88 |
| H_SYNC | 96 | 128 | 40 | 44 |
| H_BP | 48 | 88 | 220 | 148 |
| V_FP | 10 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| V_SYNC | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| V_BP | 33 | 23 | 20 | 36 |
| H_POL | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| V_POL | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
_FP: front porch, BP: back porch, POL: polarity (0 is negative, 1 is positive)._
## Display Clocks
This table provides parameters for generating suitable pixel and TMDS clocks using the included [display_clocks](modules.md#display-clocks) module or directly with the Xilinx Mixed-Mode Clock Manager (MMCM). The second clock is five times the pixel clock because the display controller uses double data rate (DDR) SerDes to generate TMDS.
| Parameter | 640 x 480 | 800 x 600 | 1280 x 720 | 1920 x 1080 |
|----------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| 1X Clock (MHz) | 25.2 | 40 | 74.25 | 148.5 |
| 5X Clock (MHz) | 126 | 200 | 371.25 | 742.5 |
| MULT_MASTER | 31.5 | 10.0 | 37.125 | 37.125 |
| DIV_MASTER | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| DIV_5X | 5.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| DIV_1X | 25 | 25 | 10 | 5 |
_NB. The canonical clock for 640x480 60Hz is 25.175 MHz, but 25.2 MHz is within VESA spec and simpler to generate._
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