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#include "aq_synth.h"
/* Source-filter (Klatt-lite) synthesis.
*
* Vowels: a polynomial glottal flow pulse at the speaker F0 is differentiated
* (radiation) and passed through a cascade of three formant resonators whose
* coefficients come from public Japanese formant values (offline-computed,
* unity peak-gain so the cascade cannot blow up). Vowel identity lives in the
* formants, not in the oscillator frequency.
*
* Consonants are split by source: fricatives/sibilants use high-band shaped
* noise, plosives a mid-band noise burst, nasals a low voiced resonance.
*
* The sample-rate path is float mul/add only -- no libm, no heap. Durations
* are unchanged from the calibrated model so this change is timbre-only. */
#define AQ_SAMPLE_RATE 8000u
#define AQ_DEFAULT_FRAME 32u
#define AQ_ENV_RAMP_SAMPLES 24u
#define AQ_VOWEL_MS 95u
#define AQ_CONSONANT_MS 38u
#define AQ_CLOSURE_MS 24u /* plosive closure (silence) ... */
#define AQ_GEMINATE_HOLD_MS 72u /* sokuon (促音 っ) held closure: ~1 extra mora of
* silence for the FIRST copy of a doubled consonant,
* with NO burst; the second copy renders the single
* release (kk/pp/tt/cc) or frication (ss). */
#define AQ_BURST_MS 14u /* ... + burst = AQ_CONSONANT_MS, so duration holds */
#define AQ_BURST_VEL_MS 22u /* back-velar burst is longer (slow dorsal release) */
#define AQ_BURST_AFFR_MS 6u /* T1: /tɕ/ affricate stop is a brief release into the /ɕ/ sibilant */
/* Graded pause hierarchy: real speech does not give every break the same gap.
* accent-phrase break '/' ';' is a light beat, a comma is a breath, and a
* sentence end '.' '。' '?' '!' is a full stop.
*
* The review suggested 40/85/160. Measured ASR (kana-CER A/B) hard-vetoed any
* SHORT below 120: at 40/65/90/105/110ms the '/'-sentences collapse (また/あした
* decoded as mush; full-corpus mean +0.02..+0.05) -- Whisper needs the full
* ~120ms gap to segment this 8kHz synthetic voice. So the hierarchy is graded
* UPWARD from the legacy 120ms anchor instead: '/' stays the (shortest) 120ms
* beat, comma and sentence-end get longer. A trailing pause (utterance end,
* nothing follows) keeps the legacy 120ms -- past the last word it adds no
* prosody, only dead air (and ASR-chaos surface). */
#define AQ_PAUSE_SHORT_MS 120u /* accent-phrase break: '/' ';' */
#define AQ_PAUSE_MEDIUM_MS 140u /* comma: ',' '、' */
#define AQ_PAUSE_LONG_MS 170u /* sentence end: '.' '。' '?' '!' (mid-utterance) */
#define AQ_PAUSE_TRAIL_MS 120u /* any break with no text after it */
/* Question-final rise: a natural yes/no rise lifts F0 only over the tail of the
* final vowel (not across the whole mora), by a modest amount. */
#define AQ_QRISE_PCT 18u /* +18% F0 by the end of the vowel */
#define AQ_QRISE_TAIL_MS 35u /* applied only over the last 35ms */
#define AQ_BASE_F0 300u /* voice 0: AquesTalk F1-like high female voice */
#define AQ_BASE_F0_HIGH 440u /* voice 1 (cute): F0; paired with up-shifted formants */
/* per-segment output scale mapping the filtered signal to int16 range.
* Vowel gains are per-vowel because unity-peak formants deliver very
* different energy from a fixed glottal source (front vowels are weakest);
* these equalize sustained-vowel RMS to a common target. */
#define AQ_GAIN_NASAL 20000.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_GLIDE 10500.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_FRIC_S 7000.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_FRIC_SH 7500.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_FRIC_H 4600.0f
/* Vowel-colored aspiration (open-glottis /h/ before a vowel) runs through the
* wide-band ASPIRATION table. Widening B1/B2/B3 lowers the resonant PEAKS but
* spreads energy; net segment RMS came out ~13% below the old narrow-band
* rendering, so this gain compensates (measured 4600/0.87) to keep は/ひ/ふ/へ/ほ
* loudness matched. The AQ_FRIC_H fallback path keeps AQ_GAIN_FRIC_H untouched. */
#define AQ_GAIN_ASP 5300.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_FRIC_F 4600.0f
#define AQ_GAIN_BURST 22000.0f
/* velar (dorsal) bursts were lengthened 14->22ms at unchanged 22000 gain (~57%
* more burst energy), which the user's ear flagged as noisy/harsh. A lower gain
* for the velar places energy-compensates the lengthening without touching the
* pole frequencies (place cue) or the length (the intelligibility win). */
#define AQ_GAIN_BURST_VEL 8000.0f
/* Fix 2: burst-noise high-pass. Raw PRNG bursts are WHITE, so a chunk of energy
* lands below ~400 Hz as low-frequency "gravel" (the ザリッ grit). It must be
* drained WITHOUT disturbing the compact 1.5-2.5kHz velar "pinch" that carries
* place: a first-difference HPF (y=x-a*x[-1]) rises toward Nyquist, boosting the
* 2.5-4kHz band and BROADENING the pinch -- velars then read as alveolar
* (measured A/B: kokoro 0.33->0.75). A LOWPASS tilt was likewise rejected. So use
* a POLE-FORM one-pole HPF that is FLAT above its cutoff: it removes only the
* sub-formant rumble and leaves the place band untouched.
* y[n] = a*(y[n-1] + x[n] - x[n-1]); fc ~ (1-a)*fs/(2*pi). RMS-compensated. */
#define AQ_BURST_HP_A 0.80f /* pole -> fc ~ 250Hz at fs=8000 */
#define AQ_BURST_HP_COMP 1.20f /* RMS re-normalisation (measured, loudness-matched) */
/* Independent A/B toggles for the two burst fixes (see notes at each site). */
/* Voiceless-velar aspiration gap (か行 VOT). Spectrogram analysis (burst_spectro)
* shows the real-AquesTalk か行 releases its burst, then holds ~34ms of voiceless
* ASPIRATION (breath) before the vowel voices; OUR burst runs straight into the
* vowel (gap ~0), so loud burst noise and voicing onset OVERLAP -- the ザリッ grit.
* After a voiceless-velar (/k/, NOT /g/) burst we insert a short aspiration
* segment coloured toward the FOLLOWING vowel (the same wide-band ASPIRATION
* table /h/ and devoiced vowels use), at a gain well BELOW the burst so the burst
* can be separated in time from the vowel instead of masking it. This is an ONSET
* consonant segment: its scaled duration is added to onset_ms_used so the vowel's
* mora budget ABSORBS it and mora rhythm is unchanged (unlike the pre-budget-model
* VOT experiment that lengthened the whole mora). Voiced /g/ has no aspiration. */
#define AQ_ASPGAP_MS 20u
/* た行 (/t/) and ぱ行 (/p/) VOT: burst_spectro on the real AquesTalk shows these
* ALSO release the burst then hold a voiceless breath before voicing (ref gap
* ~24ms for /t/,/p/ vs ~34ms for /k/), but Japanese /t/,/p/ have a SHORTER VOT
* than /k/ and their burst is not lengthened (14ms, unlike the 22ms velar), so
* the gap is shorter. Excludes the /c/ affricate (see plosive_is_c). */
#define AQ_ASPGAP_TP_MS 12u
/* /t/,/p/ bursts at the old 22000 gain measured ~2x too prominent vs the vowel
* (loudness probe: our burst/vowel ~2.0-2.4 vs ref ~0.4-1.5). Cut toward the
* reference balance; /t/ (sharp alveolar) a touch more than /p/. Voiced /d/,/b/
* and the /c/ affricate keep the full AQ_GAIN_BURST. */
#define AQ_GAIN_BURST_ALV 13000.0f /* た行 */
#define AQ_GAIN_BURST_LAB 14000.0f /* ぱ行 */
#define AQ_GAIN_ASPGAP 3200.0f
/* order: a, i, u, e, o. DC-unity cascade output is O(0.2-0.7); these equalize
* sustained-vowel RMS to ~5500. The spread is ~4x (was ~16x with unity-peak),
* so gain interpolation across a formant transition no longer overshoots. */
static const float AQ_VOWEL_GAIN[5] = {
14598.0f, 83842.0f, 25941.0f, 26582.0f, 24675.0f
};
/* Intrinsic per-vowel amplitude (a,o open/loud; i,u close/soft) de-uniformizes
* the mora stream so it reads as speech, not a constant-volume melody. Intrinsic
* DURATION now lives in the per-vowel mora budget below (AQ_MORA_BUDGET). */
static const float AQ_VOWEL_AMP[5] = {1.15f, 0.85f, 0.85f, 1.0f, 1.10f};
/* Mora-budget model (VERSION 2): Japanese is mora-timed, so each CV mora should
* occupy a roughly constant slot regardless of how much time its onset consonant
* eats. Instead of ADDING a full intrinsic vowel onto the consonant (か=151,
* ちゃ=173, な=157 vs bare あ=105 -- a lurching rhythm), each mora gets a BUDGET;
* the onset consonants consume their real (scaled) duration via onset_ms_used and
* the VOWEL takes the remainder, floored so it never vanishes. Budgets are
* per-vowel (a longest, i/u shortest -- intrinsic vowel-length variation survives
* inside the slot) and set slightly ABOVE the old intrinsic table so a bare-vowel
* mora does not shrink. Long vowels (a repeated vowel = a second full-budget
* mora), moraic ん, the sokuon held closure, and devoiced vowels keep their own
* full duration and do NOT draw from this budget (they RESET the accumulator).
* Phrase-final lengthening applies AFTER the budget. Sized so a light-onset CV
* mora lands on the same ~130ms slot the heavy-onset morae (ちゃ/つ/きょ) floor
* at, which is what evens the rhythm, while whole-sentence durations stay within
* ~+-7% of the old additive model. */
static const uint16_t AQ_MORA_BUDGET[5] = {134u, 118u, 118u, 126u, 130u}; /* a,i,u,e,o */
#define AQ_VOWEL_FLOOR_MS 64u /* a vowel never shrinks below this inside its budget */
/* A devoiced /i,u/ (Tokyo-dialect: between voiceless C, or after a voiceless C
* at phrase end) is a WHISPERED vowel -- open glottis, noise-excited -- not a
* voicing gap. Rendered through the same wide-band ASPIRATION table as /h/ (see
* ASPTBL): the vowel's frequencies with widened bandwidths read as an open
* breathy vowel, whereas the vowel's OWN narrow bandwidths excited by noise made
* a thin whistle-peaked hiss that carried no vowel identity (the user heard ちゅ
* as bare "ch"). Length +9ms and gain up so the whisper is actually PERCEPTIBLE,
* but it stays noise-excited (never a glottal source) so it can never read as a
* voiced "desU" -- a louder noise segment is a clearer whisper, not voicing. */
#define AQ_DEVOICE_MS 64u
#define AQ_GAIN_DEVOICED 4200.0f
/* Singing-note rendering (koe '#' annotations). A note-carrying mora holds its
* pitch FLAT (the melody replaces the accent contour, declination, and final
* lengthening) after a short portamento from the previous pitch, and sustained
* notes get a delayed, eased-in vibrato so a long vowel reads as singing rather
* than a held test tone. Rate/depth are conservative (~5.5 Hz, +-2% ~= +-0.35
* semitone). Note LENGTHS are output-ms exact -- not scaled by speed/dur_scale
* -- so the tempo is what the score says regardless of the voice preset. */
#define AQ_NOTE_GLIDE_MS 30u /* portamento into each note */
#define AQ_NOTE_VOWEL_FLOOR_MS 30u /* sung vowel survives even a heavy onset */
#define AQ_NOTE_LEN_DEFAULT_MS 500u /* before any explicit ",ms" is given */
#define AQ_NOTE_LEN_MIN_MS 20u
#define AQ_NOTE_LEN_MAX_MS 8000u
#define AQ_VIB_DELAY_MS 150u /* vibrato starts this far into the note */
#define AQ_VIB_RAMP_MS 200u /* depth eases in (no sudden wobble) */
#define AQ_VIB_DEPTH 0.02f /* +-2% F0 */
#define AQ_VIB_STEP_Q16 45u /* ~5.5 Hz LFO at fs=8000 (5.5*65536/8000) */
/* Equal-tempered octave 4 (A4 = 440 Hz); other octaves are powers of two
* (float multiply, no libm). Index = semitones above C. */
static const float AQ_NOTE_HZ_OCT4[12] = {
261.63f, 277.18f, 293.66f, 311.13f, 329.63f, 349.23f,
369.99f, 392.00f, 415.30f, 440.00f, 466.16f, 493.88f
};
/* amplitude declination across the accent phrase (~ -2.4 dB over 12 morae) */
static float declination(uint16_t n) {
uint32_t m = n > 12u ? 12u : n;
return 1.0f - 0.02f * (float)m;
}
typedef struct {
float a1;
float a2;
float b0;
} aq_reson_t;
/* [vowel a,i,u,e,o][section]{a1,a2,b0}, unity peak-gain at fs=8000 */
/* Japanese adult-female vowel formants (F1/F2/F3), DC-unity cascade. Values
* coordinate-descent fitted to the AquesTalk reference vowels (eval oracle;
* initialized from published female formants). Notably /u/ is unrounded [ɯ]
* with a HIGH F2 (~2230), which the earlier published-value table got wrong. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS[5][3] = {
{{1.543830f,-0.931755f,0.387924f},{0.135282f,-0.917233f,1.781951f},{-1.705091f,-0.875012f,3.580103f}},
{{1.921815f,-0.946506f,0.024691f},{-1.306654f,-0.895874f,3.202528f},{-1.702579f,-0.854636f,3.557215f}},
{{1.859754f,-0.946506f,0.086752f},{-0.344130f,-0.917233f,2.261363f},{-1.739464f,-0.875012f,3.614476f}},
{{1.802042f,-0.939101f,0.137060f},{-1.604612f,-0.902938f,3.507550f},{-0.884899f,-0.868167f,2.753066f}},
{{1.807590f,-0.939101f,0.131512f},{0.952758f,-0.924465f,0.971707f},{-1.698992f,-0.875012f,3.574004f}},
};
/* "Cute" voice: the same vowels with formants shifted UP ~15% (a shorter vocal
* tract = a small/young speaker) -- the key cute cue, not just higher F0.
* High formants are soft-capped BELOW Nyquist (~3350 max) with widened
* bandwidths: a naive x1.15 pushed /i/,/e/ F2/F3 into the 3850 clamp, piling up
* a sharp near-Nyquist resonance heard as a metallic "キン" ring on い-row.
* Selected by the voice preset; gains are shared (front vowels stay loud). */
/* Harshness fix round 2 (user ear: still piercing after source tilt alone):
* the piercing 2-3.3 kHz band is re-amplified by the cute table's own F2/F3
* resonances (e.g. /a/ F2 at 2196 Hz with a needle-thin 110 Hz bandwidth), so
* source tilt alone hits diminishing returns. F2/F3 bandwidths are widened
* 1.8x (F1 untouched -- vowel identity and loudness live there), dropping
* each peak ~5 dB exactly in the piercing band. Center frequencies unchanged
* (the cute cue is formant POSITION), DC-unity preserved (b0 = 1 - a1 - a2). */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS_CUTE[5][3] = {
{{1.424828f,-0.931755f,0.506927f},{-0.284439f,-0.855980f,2.140418f},{-1.318240f,-0.654348f,2.972588f}},
{{1.914110f,-0.946506f,0.032396f},{-1.157757f,-0.654348f,2.812106f},{-1.308447f,-0.636107f,2.944554f}},
{{1.832286f,-0.946506f,0.114220f},{-0.793767f,-0.855980f,2.649747f},{-1.335791f,-0.654348f,2.990139f}},
{{1.758837f,-0.939101f,0.180264f},{-1.262767f,-0.654348f,2.917115f},{-1.029852f,-0.654348f,2.684200f}},
{{1.766119f,-0.939101f,0.172982f},{0.657334f,-0.868166f,1.210832f},{-1.315268f,-0.654348f,2.969616f}},
};
/* Aspiration (/h/) formants: SAME frequencies as each vowel, but with the
* glottis OPEN -- Klatt 1980's aspiration approximation. B1 is widened to ~280
* Hz and B2/B3 to ~1.75x the vowel's. Exciting a vowel's OWN narrow bandwidths
* with noise makes a whistle-peaked "vowel spoken as noise"; the wide-band
* version reads as open-glottis breath colored toward the vowel. Precomputed
* offline (no libm in the C hot path) from AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS[_CUTE] via the
* DC-unity resonator formula. Selected per-voice by the active vowel table. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_ASPIRATION[5][3] = {
{{1.432833f,-0.802590f,0.369757f},{0.130969f,-0.859685f,1.728716f},{-1.621821f,-0.791634f,3.413455f}},
{{1.769688f,-0.802590f,0.032902f},{-1.253872f,-0.824959f,3.078831f},{-1.605185f,-0.759656f,3.364842f}},
{{1.712540f,-0.802590f,0.090050f},{-0.333160f,-0.859685f,2.192845f},{-1.654515f,-0.791634f,3.446149f}},
{{1.665926f,-0.802590f,0.136664f},{-1.544336f,-0.836376f,3.380712f},{-0.839209f,-0.780829f,2.620037f}},
{{1.671054f,-0.802590f,0.131535f},{0.925106f,-0.871582f,0.946476f},{-1.616019f,-0.791634f,3.407654f}},
};
/* Cute aspiration follows the round-2/3 harshness fix: with the cute VOWEL
* F2/F3 widened 1.8x, this table (derived from the old, narrow vowels) was no
* longer wider than the vowels it whispers -- white noise through its
* 2.2/3.2 kHz poles made the か VOT gap the loudest >2kHz spike left (82.5%
* of frame energy). F2/F3 widened 1.8x here too (F1/B1 unchanged, same
* center frequencies, DC-unity), so /h/, VOT gaps, and devoiced vowels
* soften in step with the widened vowels. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_ASPIRATION_CUTE[5][3] = {
{{1.322386f,-0.802590f,0.480203f},{-0.268326f,-0.761747f,2.030073f},{-1.124405f,-0.476065f,2.600470f}},
{{1.762593f,-0.802590f,0.039997f},{-0.987520f,-0.476065f,2.463585f},{-1.104282f,-0.453083f,2.557365f}},
{{1.687246f,-0.802590f,0.115344f},{-0.748801f,-0.761747f,2.510549f},{-1.139376f,-0.476065f,2.615441f}},
{{1.625984f,-0.802590f,0.176606f},{-1.077089f,-0.476065f,2.553154f},{-0.878422f,-0.476065f,2.354487f}},
{{1.632716f,-0.802590f,0.169874f},{0.623393f,-0.780827f,1.157434f},{-1.121871f,-0.476065f,2.597936f}},
};
/* Speaker voice presets. Adding a voice is one row here; aq_synth_set_voice
* copies the row into runtime state and it persists across set_koe. */
typedef struct {
uint16_t base_f0; /* speaker pitch (Hz) */
uint8_t accent_range; /* pitch-excursion scale % (liveliness) */
uint8_t dur_scale; /* duration scale % (>100 = slower) */
float breath; /* aspiration noise mixed into voiced source */
float tilt; /* voiced-source spectral tilt (0 = off) */
float gain_scale; /* output loudness trim (1.0 = unchanged) */
const aq_reson_t (*vowels)[3]; /* vowel formant set */
} aq_voice_preset_t;
/* Cute-voice harshness fix (user ear report: 音圧が強くて耳障り). The high F0
* (440) drives harmonics straight into the up-shifted F2/F3 around 2.5-3.3 kHz
* -- measured >2 kHz energy was 10.7% of total vs 0.6% for the normal voice,
* i.e. ~18x more power in the ear's most sensitive band, plus ~1.4% of samples
* in the soft-clip knee (audible grit). Two per-voice knobs, both 0/1.0 (off)
* for the normal voice so its output stays byte-identical:
* - tilt: one-pole lowpass MIX on the voiced excitation
* (y = (1-t)*x + t*y1): t=0.30 is ~-5 dB at 3 kHz, ~-0.4 dB at 500 Hz --
* a gentle source-tilt (softer phonation), not a formant change.
* - gain_scale: overall trim so the cute voice sits at/below the normal
* voice's RMS instead of above it (also clears the clip knee). */
static const aq_voice_preset_t AQ_VOICES[2] = {
{ AQ_BASE_F0, 100u, 100u, 0.00f, 0.00f, 1.00f, AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS }, /* 0: normal */
{ AQ_BASE_F0_HIGH, 150u, 122u, 0.05f, 0.35f, 0.80f, AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS_CUTE }, /* 1: cute */
};
/* /n/ (alveolar) and /m/ (bilabial) are DISTINCT: different F2 locus (m~1000,
* n~1700) and anti-resonance frequency (m~900, n~1600 Hz). One shared table
* made な行 sound like ま行. Published phonetics values -- NOT fit to the
* reference (the eval AquesTalk corrupts every nasal to one sound). */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_NASAL_M[3] = {{1.871278f,-0.910057f,0.038779f},{1.317700f,-0.868167f,0.550467f},{-0.286974f,-0.841316f,2.128290f}};
static const aq_reson_t AQ_NASAL_N[3] = {{1.871278f,-0.910057f,0.038779f},{0.148524f,-0.895874f,1.747350f},{-0.958506f,-0.841316f,2.799822f}};
/* Japanese /w/ = labiovelar approximant [ɰ]: LOW F2 (~800), unlike the oracle
* /u/ table [ɯ] whose F2 is high (~2230). F1 low (~300), F3 ~2300. Shared
* (not per-voice); the following vowel glides out of this labial locus. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_GLIDE_W[3] = {{1.855222f,-0.910057f,0.054835f},{1.525477f,-0.888865f,0.363388f},{-0.428248f,-0.841316f,2.269564f}};
/* T2: palatal ONGLIDE for Cy clusters (きょ/びょ/にゃ ...). A full /i/ glide
* (VOWTBL[1], F2~2970) makes the F2 track zigzag C-locus -> 2970 -> vowel, a
* spurious extra /i/ mora. This is a milder palatal target (F2~2400, low F1)
* that reads as the -y- transition and blends into the following vowel. Gain
* is matched offline to the old /i/-onglide RMS. Standalone や/ゆ/よ keep the
* full /i/ onset (they are real vowels, not a glide). */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_ONGLIDE_Y[3] = {{1.877207f,-0.931755f,0.054547f},{-0.580397f,-0.881911f,2.462308f},{-1.191390f,-0.841316f,3.032707f}};
#define AQ_GAIN_ONGLIDE_Y 12158.0f
/* Japanese /r/ = alveolar tap [ɾ]: an alveolar locus (F1 low ~300, F2 ~1800,
* F3 ~2600) so the following vowel glides from the right place, replacing the
* old /e/-vowel table (F2 too high). Kept short and voiced. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_TAP_R[3] = {{1.847951f,-0.902938f,0.054987f},{0.291517f,-0.868167f,1.576650f},{-0.826315f,-0.828204f,2.654519f}};
/* Nasal anti-resonance (zero/notch): a spectral NULL an all-pole cascade can't
* make. The notch frequency is a place cue, so it is per-nasal (state->zero_b1).
* y = x + b1*x[-1] + b2*x[-2], zeros at r=0.92. */
#define AQ_NASAL_ZERO_M_B1 (-1.3991f) /* notch ~900 Hz (bilabial /m/) */
#define AQ_NASAL_ZERO_N_B1 (-0.7040f) /* notch ~1600 Hz (alveolar /n/) */
#define AQ_NASAL_ZERO_B2 (0.8464f) /* r*r */
/* Fricative spectra (noise-excited, DC-unity). Split by place/manner so the
* recognizer gets consonant cues instead of one generic hiss. */
/* Each fricative has 3 REAL resonators (a low anchor near vowel F1 + the
* frication peaks). Never a pass-through {0,0,1} section: interpolating a pole
* radius to the origin and back across a CV boundary makes a "mush" frame
* exactly where the transition cue must be. */
/* F2 is placed at the consonant's place LOCUS (alveolar ~1750, palatal ~2100,
* labial ~1000) so the following vowel's F2 glides from the right place -- the
* CV formant transition that carries place of articulation. F3 keeps frication
* energy. /h/ is vowel-colored at render time (takes the next vowel's formants). */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_FRIC_S[3] = {{1.425406f,-0.577077f,0.151672f},{0.333462f,-0.730403f,1.396940f},{-1.278378f,-0.624228f,2.902607f}};
static const aq_reson_t AQ_FRIC_SH[3] = {{1.425406f,-0.577077f,0.151672f},{-0.128944f,-0.675232f,1.804176f},{-0.986714f,-0.577077f,2.563792f}};
static const aq_reson_t AQ_FRIC_H[3] = {{1.548457f,-0.702276f,0.153819f},{1.068029f,-0.493191f,0.425162f},{0.180550f,-0.333018f,1.152469f}};
static const aq_reson_t AQ_FRIC_F[3] = {{1.425406f,-0.577077f,0.151672f},{1.162095f,-0.675232f,0.513137f},{0.000000f,-0.533488f,1.533488f}};
/* Plosive bursts at place loci (F1 low + F2 locus + F3). The following vowel
* glides from the locus via the continuous filter, giving the CV transition
* that carries place of articulation. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_BURST_LAB[3] = {{1.793305f,-0.888865f,0.095560f},{1.317700f,-0.868167f,0.550467f},{0.000000f,-0.841316f,1.841316f}};
static const aq_reson_t AQ_BURST_ALV[3] = {{1.793305f,-0.888865f,0.095560f},{0.291517f,-0.868167f,1.576650f},{-1.182070f,-0.828204f,3.010274f}};
/* Velar burst is a "pinch": F2 and F3 close together, and the locus is strongly
* vowel-dependent -- HIGH (~2300) before front vowels /i,e/, mid (~1500) before
* back /a,o,u/. A single fixed velar burst read as labial (げ->べ, き->ぴ) because
* before front vowels its F2 was too low. Split front/back. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_BURST_VEL_FRONT[3] = {{1.772303f,-0.868167f,0.095864f},{-0.435028f,-0.868167f,2.303194f},{-1.027211f,-0.854636f,2.881847f}};
/* BACK keeps the previously-tuned velar (F2~1900, F3~2300) that worked for /a,o,u/;
* lowering it regressed が (d_ganbare). Only front vowels needed the higher pinch. */
static const aq_reson_t AQ_BURST_VEL_BACK[3] = {{1.793305f,-0.888865f,0.095560f},{0.145065f,-0.854636f,1.709571f},{-0.431624f,-0.854636f,2.286260f}};
/* per-voice vowel formant set (normal or cute), stored type-erased in state */
#define VOWTBL(s) ((const aq_reson_t (*)[3])(s)->vowel_tbl)
/* matching per-voice aspiration set (wide-band /h/), picked by the active vowel
* table so /h/ tracks the same speaker as the vowels it colors toward. */
#define ASPTBL(s) ((s)->vowel_tbl == (const void *)AQ_VOWEL_FORMANTS_CUTE \
? AQ_ASPIRATION_CUTE : AQ_ASPIRATION)
static int vowel_index(uint8_t c) {
switch (c) {
case 'a': case 'A': return 0;
case 'i': case 'I': return 1;
case 'u': case 'U': return 2;
case 'e': case 'E': return 3;
case 'o': case 'O': return 4;
default: return -1;
}
}
static uint32_t step_from_freq_pct(uint32_t freq, uint32_t pct) {
return ((freq * pct) << 16) / (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * 100u);
}
/* Tokyo-dialect pitch accent, as a percentage of the base F0.
* - phrase-initial mora is low, rising to high by the second mora
* - stays high until the accent nucleus, then drops (post-accent low)
* - gentle declination across the phrase
* voiced_count is the mora index within the accent phrase; accent_passed is
* set once the accent-nucleus mark (') has been seen in this phrase. */
static uint32_t accent_pitch_pct(uint16_t voiced_count, uint8_t accent_passed, uint8_t range) {
uint32_t n = voiced_count;
uint32_t decl;
int32_t pct;
if (n > 12u) {
n = 12u;
}
decl = n / 2u; /* ~0.5% per mora declination */
if (accent_passed) {
pct = 86; /* post-accent low */
} else if (n == 0u) {
pct = 90; /* phrase-initial low */
} else {
pct = 103; /* high plateau */
}
pct -= (int32_t)decl;
/* widen the pitch excursion around 100% for a livelier (cuter) voice */
if (range != 100u) {
pct = 100 + (pct - 100) * (int32_t)range / 100;
}
if (pct < 70) pct = 70;
return (uint32_t)pct;
}
static uint32_t scale_ms(const aq_synth_t *s, uint32_t ms) {
uint32_t sp = s->speed == 0u ? 100u : (uint32_t)s->speed;
uint32_t dur = s->dur_scale == 0u ? 100u : (uint32_t)s->dur_scale;
if (sp < 50u) sp = 50u;
if (sp > 300u) sp = 300u;
return (ms * dur) / sp; /* dur_scale>100 lengthens (slower voice) */
}
/* Accumulate an onset consonant's (already scaled) duration onto the running
* budget the next vowel will draw from. Saturating add so it can never wrap. */
static void add_onset(aq_synth_t *s, uint32_t scaled_ms) {
uint32_t v = (uint32_t)s->onset_ms_used + scaled_ms;
s->onset_ms_used = v > 65535u ? 65535u : (uint16_t)v;
}
/* Set the resonator TARGETS (filter state is left running for coarticulation).
* Always 3 sections: sections beyond n are pass-through (a1=a2=0, b0=1). */
static void set_reson_targets(aq_synth_t *s, const aq_reson_t *tbl, uint8_t n) {
uint8_t i;
for (i = 0u; i < AQ_MAX_RES; ++i) {
if (i < n) {
s->res_ta1[i] = tbl[i].a1;
s->res_ta2[i] = tbl[i].a2;
s->res_tb0[i] = tbl[i].b0;
} else {
s->res_ta1[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_ta2[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_tb0[i] = 1.0f;
}
}
if (!s->filter_primed) {
/* Utterance start: SNAP the filter to the first segment's spectrum
* instead of gliding from the reset pass-through state -- the same
* "never interpolate through pass-through" rule as everywhere else,
* which was missing exactly here. Without this the first ~20ms of
* EVERY utterance is spectral mush and initial consonants misread
* (また -> ばた). The gain still ramps from 0, so no click. */
for (i = 0u; i < AQ_MAX_RES; ++i) {
s->res_a1[i] = s->res_ta1[i];
s->res_a2[i] = s->res_ta2[i];
s->res_b0[i] = s->res_tb0[i];
}
s->filter_primed = 1u;
}
}
/* Per-glottal-period micro-perturbation (Task B: anti-buzzer). A perfectly
* periodic source is what reads as a robotic "buzzer"; real voicing has small
* cycle-to-cycle variation in period (jitter) and amplitude (shimmer). Both are
* updated ONCE PER GLOTTAL CYCLE (detected by the phase-accumulator wrap), never
* per sample -- per-sample randomness reads as roughness/hoarseness, not life.
* Each is a slow random walk CLAMPED to its range and stepped by ~1/4 of that
* range per cycle, so it drifts over ~4 periods instead of jumping each cycle.
* Applied to BOTH voices (the buzzer is a property of the shared glottal source,
* not a per-speaker timbre): the jitter factor scales the phase increment for
* the whole cycle (period perturbation), the shimmer factor scales the source
* amplitude for the whole cycle. Draws from a DEDICATED PRNG (s->jrng), NOT the
* shared s->rng: consuming the shared rng in voiced segments would shift the
* fricative/burst noise sequence and scramble the consonants (that shift, not
* the jitter magnitude, dominates the ASR regression -- measured mean +0.084
* with kokoro/kirei anchors broken -- because the draw COUNT is identical for
* any nonzero magnitude). With a separate PRNG the noise path stays byte-
* identical to baseline and only the voiced source is perturbed. */
#define AQ_JITTER_MAX 0.005f /* +-0.5% period jitter (user ear pick) */
#define AQ_JITTER_STEP (AQ_JITTER_MAX * 0.25f) /* ~4-period drift */
#define AQ_SHIMMER_MAX 0.015f /* +-1.5% amplitude shimmer */
#define AQ_SHIMMER_STEP (AQ_SHIMMER_MAX * 0.25f)
/* rate at which current coefficients/gain approach their targets, per sample:
* ~0.02 gives a ~25 ms formant glide, the natural CV transition timescale. */
#define AQ_COEF_RATE 0.022f
#define AQ_GAIN_RATE 0.015f /* <= coef rate so gain never outpaces the formant glide */
static void interp_toward(float *cur, float tgt, float rate) {
*cur += (tgt - *cur) * rate;
}
/* Soft limiter (libm-free): above the knee, compress smoothly toward full
* scale so brief transition transients saturate gracefully instead of
* clicking. Below the knee it is exactly linear. */
static float soft_clip(float y) {
const float knee = 26000.0f;
const float m = 32767.0f - knee;
if (y > knee) {
float d = y - knee;
return knee + m * d / (d + m);
}
if (y < -knee) {
float d = -y - knee;
return -(knee + m * d / (d + m));
}
return y;
}
/* polynomial glottal flow pulse (0 -> 1 -> 0), libm-free */
static float glottal_flow(uint32_t phase_q16) {
float p = (float)(phase_q16 & 0xffffu) * (1.0f / 65536.0f);
const float Tp = 0.40f;
const float Tn = 0.16f;
if (p < Tp) {
float q = p / Tp;
return q * q * (3.0f - 2.0f * q);
}
if (p < Tp + Tn) {
float q = (p - Tp) / Tn;
return 1.0f - q * q * (3.0f - 2.0f * q);
}
return 0.0f;
}
static float run_resonators(aq_synth_t *s, float x) {
uint8_t i;
for (i = 0u; i < AQ_MAX_RES; ++i) {
float y = s->res_b0[i] * x + s->res_a1[i] * s->res_y1[i] + s->res_a2[i] * s->res_y2[i];
s->res_y2[i] = s->res_y1[i];
s->res_y1[i] = y;
x = y;
}
return x;
}
/* set the current segment's length (>= 1 sample) and reset its play position */
static void set_seg_duration(aq_synth_t *s, uint32_t ms) {
s->seg_remaining = (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * ms) / 1000u;
if (s->seg_remaining == 0u) s->seg_remaining = 1u;
s->seg_total = s->seg_remaining;
s->seg_pos = 0u;
}
static void start_voiced(aq_synth_t *s, const aq_reson_t *tbl, uint8_t n, uint32_t ms, float gain,
int count_it) {
uint32_t start_step;
uint32_t end_step;
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_VOICED;
s->voiced_source = 1u;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
/* F0 continuity: glide from the carried F0 (end of the previous mora, held
* across intervening consonants) toward this mora's accent target, instead
* of snapping -- otherwise the pitch is a sequence of discrete notes and
* the whole utterance reads as music, not speech. */
if (s->note_pending) {
/* sung mora (and its voiced onsets): the melody owns the pitch */
end_step = s->note_step_q16;
} else {
end_step = step_from_freq_pct(s->base_f0,
accent_pitch_pct(s->voiced_count, s->accent_passed, s->accent_range));
}
start_step = (s->step_q16 == 0u) ? end_step : s->step_q16;
/* speech glides across the whole segment; a sung note glides only through
* a short portamento then HOLDS flat (synth_one clamps at the ramp end) */
s->pitch_ramp_total = s->seg_total;
s->sing_seg = 0u;
if (s->note_pending) {
uint32_t glide = (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * AQ_NOTE_GLIDE_MS) / 1000u;
if (glide < s->seg_total) s->pitch_ramp_total = glide;
s->sing_seg = 1u;
s->vib_phase_q16 = 0u;
}
s->rise_tail = 0u;
if (s->rise_final) {
/* Question-final rising intonation: keep the mora's normal accent target
* for most of the vowel, then lift F0 by ~+18% only over the last ~35ms
* (a second slope applied in synth_one). A tail-only rise reads as a
* natural yes/no question; the old whole-mora +25% sweep read as a
* drawn-out sing-song glide. */
uint32_t tail = (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * AQ_QRISE_TAIL_MS) / 1000u;
if (tail >= s->seg_total) tail = s->seg_total - 1u; /* keep a pre-rise region */
s->rise_tail_start = s->seg_total - tail;
s->rise_step_extra = (end_step * AQ_QRISE_PCT) / 100u;
s->rise_tail = 1u;
s->rise_final = 0u;
}
s->step_start_q16 = start_step;
s->step_q16 = start_step;
s->step_delta_q16 = (int32_t)end_step - (int32_t)start_step;
s->target_gain = gain;
s->use_antireson = 0u;
s->soft_attack = 0u;
set_reson_targets(s, tbl, n);
if (count_it && s->voiced_count < 65535u) {
s->voiced_count++;
}
}
static void start_noise(aq_synth_t *s, const aq_reson_t *tbl, uint8_t n, uint32_t ms, float gain) {
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_NOISE;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
s->target_gain = gain;
s->use_antireson = 0u;
s->soft_attack = 0u;
s->burst_decay = 0u;
s->burst_env = 0u;
set_reson_targets(s, tbl, n);
}
/* fricative/aspiration noise whose amplitude swells IN across the segment
* (soft_attack), so /h,f,s,sh,z,j/ breath eases in instead of stabbing on onset. */
static void start_breath_noise(aq_synth_t *s, const aq_reson_t *tbl, uint8_t n, uint32_t ms, float gain) {
start_noise(s, tbl, n, ms, gain);
s->soft_attack = 1u;
}
/* plosive closure: silence, with the filter pre-positioned at the burst locus
* (inaudible while gain is 0) so the burst and following vowel start there. */
static void start_closure(aq_synth_t *s, uint32_t ms, const aq_reson_t *tbl) {
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_SILENCE;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
s->target_gain = 0.0f;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
set_reson_targets(s, tbl, 3u);
}
/* place codes for a queued plosive burst */
#define AQ_PLACE_LABIAL 1u
#define AQ_PLACE_ALVEOLAR 2u
#define AQ_PLACE_VELAR 3u /* velar before back vowels /a,o,u/ */
#define AQ_PLACE_VELAR_FRONT 4u /* velar before front vowels /i,e/ (high pinch) */
static const aq_reson_t *burst_table(uint8_t place) {
if (place == AQ_PLACE_LABIAL) return AQ_BURST_LAB;
if (place == AQ_PLACE_ALVEOLAR) return AQ_BURST_ALV;
if (place == AQ_PLACE_VELAR_FRONT) return AQ_BURST_VEL_FRONT;
return AQ_BURST_VEL_BACK;
}
/* next significant koe char (skipping spaces / accent marks), without consuming */
static uint8_t peek_next(const aq_synth_t *s) {
size_t p = s->pos;
uint8_t c;
while ((c = s->koe[p]) != 0u) {
if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\'') {
p++;
continue;
}
return c;
}
return 0u;
}
/* vowel index of the next vowel from the current read position, skipping a
* palatal 'y' glide (きゃ = k+y+a colours toward /a/) and layout chars, without
* consuming. Returns -1 if no vowel follows directly (some other consonant or
* end), so the aspiration gap can fall back to plain /h/ frication. */
static int next_vowel_index(const aq_synth_t *s) {
size_t p = s->pos;
uint8_t c;
while ((c = s->koe[p]) != 0u) {
int vi = vowel_index(c);
if (vi >= 0) {
return vi;
}
if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\'' ||
c == 'y' || c == 'Y') {
p++;
continue;
}
return -1;
}
return -1;
}
/* previous significant koe char before index `from` (skipping spaces / accent
* marks), without consuming. Used to tell a Cy cluster's -y- (preceded by a
* consonant) from a standalone や/ゆ/よ (preceded by a vowel, pause, or start). */
static uint8_t prev_sig(const aq_synth_t *s, size_t from) {
size_t p = from;
while (p > 0u) {
uint8_t c = s->koe[p - 1u];
if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\'') {
p--;
continue;
}
return c;
}
return 0u;
}
/* A labial consonant (bilabial/labiodental). The Cy palatal onglide is gated to
* these: after a labial burst (F2 locus ~1000) the old full /i/ glide swept F2
* 1000->2970->vowel, a wild wobble the milder onglide calms (びょ improves).
* After a velar-front burst (き: F2 already ~2300) the milder onglide has no F2
* sweep and reads as an extra steady vowel -- Whisper then loops (こんにちわ
* exploded), so velar/other clusters keep the full /i/ onset. */
static int is_labial_consonant(uint8_t c) {
uint8_t lc = (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? (uint8_t)(c + 32) : c;
return lc == 'b' || lc == 'p' || lc == 'm' || lc == 'f' || lc == 'v';
}
static int is_consonant_letter(uint8_t c) {
uint8_t lc = (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? (uint8_t)(c + 32) : c;
return lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'z' && vowel_index(lc) < 0;
}
static int is_voiceless_onset(uint8_t c) {
return c == 'k' || c == 's' || c == 't' || c == 'c' || c == 'h' || c == 'f' || c == 'p';
}
static int is_phrase_end(uint8_t c) {
return c == 0u || c == '.' || c == '?' || c == '!' || c == ';' || c == '/' || c == ',';
}
/* graded pause length for a break char (used by the punctuation branch);
* `trailing` = no text follows, so the pause carries no prosody */
static uint32_t pause_ms_for(uint8_t c, int trailing) {
if (trailing) return AQ_PAUSE_TRAIL_MS;
if (c == '/' || c == ';') return AQ_PAUSE_SHORT_MS;
if (c == ',') return AQ_PAUSE_MEDIUM_MS;
return AQ_PAUSE_LONG_MS; /* '.', '?', '!' */
}
/* Optional ",<ms>" after a note/rest annotation. Remembers the last explicit
* length so a run of equal notes can omit it. Consumes the ',' ONLY when digits
* follow (a bare ',' stays a pause char). Clamped so segments stay bounded. */
static uint32_t parse_note_len(aq_synth_t *s) {
uint32_t ms = s->note_default_ms;
if (s->koe[s->pos] == ',') {
size_t p = s->pos + 1u;
uint8_t d = s->koe[p];
if (d >= '0' && d <= '9') {
uint32_t v = 0u;
while ((d = s->koe[p]) >= '0' && d <= '9') {
v = v * 10u + (uint32_t)(d - '0');
if (v > AQ_NOTE_LEN_MAX_MS) v = AQ_NOTE_LEN_MAX_MS;
p++;
}
s->pos = p;
ms = v < AQ_NOTE_LEN_MIN_MS ? AQ_NOTE_LEN_MIN_MS : v;
s->note_default_ms = (uint16_t)ms;
}
}
return ms;
}
static int start_next_segment(aq_synth_t *s) {
uint8_t c;
if (s->koe == 0 || s->eod) {
return 1;
}
if (s->pending_burst) {
uint8_t place = s->pending_burst;
s->pending_burst = 0u;
/* Velar (dorsal) bursts are physically longer than alveolar/labial: the
* back closure releases slowly, giving a sustained "pinch" spectrum. The
* short shared burst let Whisper mistake こ for と; lengthening only the
* back-velar burst holds the velar cue long enough to register without
* touching the (well-tuned) pole frequencies. */
uint32_t bms = (place == AQ_PLACE_VELAR) ? AQ_BURST_VEL_MS : AQ_BURST_MS;
if (s->affricate_burst) {
/* T1: /tɕ/ affricate (ちゃ/ちゅ/ちょ). A full 14ms alveolar burst before
* the SH frication adds a spurious /t/ percept (おちゃ -> おた...); a real
* affricate releases the closure DIRECTLY into the sibilant. Keep only a
* ~6ms release transient so the burst tucks into the /ɕ/ onset. */
bms = AQ_BURST_AFFR_MS;
s->affricate_burst = 0u;
}
{
int is_velar = (place == AQ_PLACE_VELAR || place == AQ_PLACE_VELAR_FRONT);
int is_alveolar = (place == AQ_PLACE_ALVEOLAR);
int is_labial = (place == AQ_PLACE_LABIAL);
/* VOT gap recipe, decided per place. Voiceless stops only, and NOT
* the /c/ affricate. 0 = no gap (voiced stops, /c/). */
uint8_t gap_ms = 0u;
float bgain = is_velar ? AQ_GAIN_BURST_VEL : AQ_GAIN_BURST;
uint32_t bscaled;
if (s->prev_voiceless && !s->plosive_is_c) {
if (is_velar) {
gap_ms = AQ_ASPGAP_MS; /* か行: 20ms (unchanged) */
} else if (is_alveolar) {
gap_ms = AQ_ASPGAP_TP_MS; /* た行: shorter VOT */
bgain = AQ_GAIN_BURST_ALV; /* cut toward ref prominence */
} else if (is_labial) {
gap_ms = AQ_ASPGAP_TP_MS; /* ぱ行 */
bgain = AQ_GAIN_BURST_LAB;
}
}
bscaled = scale_ms(s, bms);
start_noise(s, burst_table(place), 3u, bscaled, bgain);
/* mark the segment as a plosive burst (drives the burst HPF) */
s->burst_decay = 1u;
s->bhp_x1 = 0.0f; /* clean HPF state per burst */
s->bhp_y1 = 0.0f;
/* V2 velar protection: the burst is an onset -> it consumes mora
* budget, BUT a VELAR burst counts at HALF weight. The dorsal release
* is intrinsically long (back-velar 22ms vs 14ms alveolar/labial) and
* that extra length is a consonant-place cue, not mora content: in v1,
* counting it in full compounded with the closure to starve the k/g-row
* vowels (kokoro/ganbare regressed in every config). Halving the velar
* burst gives those vowels back ~7-11ms -- enough for the burst->vowel
* place transition to register -- without touching the pinch pole
* frequencies (place) or the burst length (intelligibility). Alveolar
* and labial bursts count in full. */
add_onset(s, is_velar ? (bscaled / 2u) : bscaled);
/* Voiceless-stop VOT gap (か行/た行/ぱ行): the burst is followed by a
* short voiceless aspiration segment before the vowel voices. gap_ms
* was decided per place above (0 = none: voiced stops, /c/ affricate).
* Rendered by the pending_aspiration block on the next segment fetch.
* The early-peak decay (1.0->0.65, applied in synth_one) reads as a
* quick reference-like release instead of a sustained noise plateau;
* the gap breath carries the burst->vowel transition, so decaying the
* burst no longer starves the place cue (it did before the gap). */
if (gap_ms) {
s->pending_aspiration = 1u;
s->aspgap_ms = gap_ms;
s->burst_env = 1u;
}
s->plosive_is_c = 0u;
}
return 0;
}
if (s->pending_aspiration) {
/* Voiceless-stop VOT gap: breath noise through the following vowel's
* wide-band ASPIRATION formants (or plain /h/ frication if no vowel
* follows), at a gain well below the burst. Length is place-specific
* (aspgap_ms, set at the burst site). No soft_attack -- it follows a
* burst, not silence. Onset segment: consumes the mora budget. */
int avi = next_vowel_index(s);
uint32_t ams = scale_ms(s, s->aspgap_ms);
s->pending_aspiration = 0u;
if (avi >= 0) {
start_noise(s, ASPTBL(s)[avi], 3u, ams, AQ_GAIN_ASPGAP);
} else {
start_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_H, 3u, ams, AQ_GAIN_ASPGAP);
}
add_onset(s, ams);
return 0;
}
while ((c = s->koe[s->pos]) != 0u) {
int vi;
s->pos++;
if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
continue;
}
if (c == '\'') {
/* accent nucleus: pitch falls on the following morae */
s->accent_passed = 1u;
continue;
}
if (c == '#') {
/* Singing note annotation: '#'<A-G>['+'|'#' sharp / '-' flat]
* <octave 0-8>[,<ms>] pins the NEXT mora to that pitch/length;
* '#R[,<ms>]' is a rest (silence). Unknown forms are skipped. */
uint8_t nc = s->koe[s->pos];
uint8_t uc = (nc >= 'a' && nc <= 'z') ? (uint8_t)(nc - 32) : nc;
if (uc == 'R') {
uint32_t ms;
s->pos++;
ms = parse_note_len(s);
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_SILENCE;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
s->target_gain = 0.0f;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
s->note_pending = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u; /* a rest breaks any pending mora budget */
return 0;
}
if (uc >= 'A' && uc <= 'G') {
/* semitones above C for A..G */
static const uint8_t SEMI[7] = {9u, 11u, 0u, 2u, 4u, 5u, 7u};
int semi = (int)SEMI[uc - 'A'];
int oct = 4;
float freq;
s->pos++;
nc = s->koe[s->pos];
if (nc == '+' || nc == '#') { semi++; s->pos++; }
else if (nc == '-') { semi--; s->pos++; }
nc = s->koe[s->pos];
if (nc >= '0' && nc <= '8') { oct = (int)(nc - '0'); s->pos++; }
if (semi < 0) { semi += 12; oct--; }
if (semi >= 12) { semi -= 12; oct++; }
freq = AQ_NOTE_HZ_OCT4[semi];
while (oct > 4) { freq *= 2.0f; oct--; }
while (oct < 4) { freq *= 0.5f; oct++; }
/* phase step = f0 * 65536 / 8000 */
s->note_step_q16 = (uint32_t)(freq * 8.192f + 0.5f);
s->note_len_ms = (uint16_t)parse_note_len(s);
s->note_pending = 1u;
}
continue;
}
vi = vowel_index(c);
if (vi >= 0) {
uint8_t nx = peek_next(s);
if (s->note_pending) {
/* Sung mora: the note length is this mora's budget (output-ms
* exact, deliberately NOT speed/dur_scale-scaled -- tempo is
* what the score says); the onset consonants already emitted
* ate into it exactly like the speech mora budget. Declination,
* final lengthening, and devoicing are bypassed: the melody
* owns the prosody. start_voiced reads note_pending for the
* pitch, so clear it only after the call. */
uint32_t used = (uint32_t)s->onset_ms_used;
uint32_t vms = ((uint32_t)s->note_len_ms > used + AQ_NOTE_VOWEL_FLOOR_MS)
? ((uint32_t)s->note_len_ms - used)
: AQ_NOTE_VOWEL_FLOOR_MS;
float g = AQ_VOWEL_GAIN[vi] * AQ_VOWEL_AMP[vi];
start_voiced(s, VOWTBL(s)[vi], 3u, vms, g, 1);
s->note_pending = 0u;
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
s->prev_devoiced = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
return 0;
}
/* Devoice /i,u/ between voiceless consonants, or after a voiceless
* consonant at phrase end (です/ます, あshita): render as a short
* whispered vowel (noise through the vowel's own formants) -- a
* voicing gap that de-uniformizes the mora stream. */
if ((vi == 1 || vi == 2) && s->prev_voiceless && !s->prev_devoiced &&
(is_voiceless_onset(nx) || is_phrase_end(nx))) {
start_noise(s, ASPTBL(s)[vi], 3u, scale_ms(s, AQ_DEVOICE_MS),
AQ_GAIN_DEVOICED);
if (s->voiced_count < 65535u) s->voiced_count++; /* still a mora */
s->prev_devoiced = 1u;
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u; /* devoiced vowel is a fixed-length mora: close it */
return 0;
}
{
/* Mora budget: the vowel gets the mora's budget MINUS the onset
* consonants already emitted for this mora (scaled ms), floored so
* it can never vanish. This is what makes CV morae even -- a heavy
* onset (ちゃ, つ) eats into the vowel instead of adding on top. */
uint32_t budget = scale_ms(s, AQ_MORA_BUDGET[vi]);
uint32_t floor_ms = scale_ms(s, AQ_VOWEL_FLOOR_MS);
uint32_t used = (uint32_t)s->onset_ms_used;
uint32_t vms = (budget > used + floor_ms) ? (budget - used) : floor_ms;
float g = AQ_VOWEL_GAIN[vi] * AQ_VOWEL_AMP[vi] * declination(s->voiced_count);
if (is_phrase_end(nx)) {
vms = (vms * 140u) / 100u; /* phrase-final lengthening (after budget) */
}
if (nx == '?') {
s->rise_final = 1u; /* question-final rising intonation */
}
start_voiced(s, VOWTBL(s)[vi], 3u, vms, g, 1);
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
s->prev_devoiced = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u; /* mora closed: next onset accumulates fresh */
return 0;
}
}
if (c == '.' || c == '?' || c == '!' || c == ';' || c == '/' || c == ',') {
uint32_t ms = scale_ms(s, pause_ms_for(c, peek_next(s) == 0u));
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_SILENCE;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
s->target_gain = 0.0f;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
s->voiced_count = 0u; /* new accent phrase */
s->accent_passed = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u; /* pause breaks any pending mora budget */
return 0;
}
if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {
uint32_t ms = scale_ms(s, AQ_CONSONANT_MS);
uint8_t lc = (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? (uint8_t)(c + 32) : c;
uint8_t place;
switch (lc) {
case 'n':
/* alveolar /n/: onset before a vowel/glide; moraic N (~1 mora)
* before a consonant or phrase end -- "てんき" is 3 morae. */
if (vowel_index(peek_next(s)) >= 0 || peek_next(s) == 'y') {
uint32_t nms = scale_ms(s, 52u);
start_voiced(s, AQ_NASAL_N, 3u, nms, AQ_GAIN_NASAL, 0);
add_onset(s, nms); /* /n/ murmur is an onset -> budget */
} else if (s->note_pending) {
/* sung moraic ん: a note of its own (a hummed beat) */
start_voiced(s, AQ_NASAL_N, 3u, s->note_len_ms,
AQ_GAIN_NASAL, 1);
s->note_pending = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
} else {
/* moraic ん: a full mora of its own -- untouched by the budget */
start_voiced(s, AQ_NASAL_N, 3u, scale_ms(s, AQ_VOWEL_MS),
AQ_GAIN_NASAL, 1);
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
}
s->use_antireson = 1u;
s->zero_b1 = AQ_NASAL_ZERO_N_B1;
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'm': {
/* bilabial /m/: lower F2 locus + lower anti-resonance */
uint32_t nms = scale_ms(s, 52u);
start_voiced(s, AQ_NASAL_M, 3u, nms, AQ_GAIN_NASAL, 0);
add_onset(s, nms);
s->use_antireson = 1u;
s->zero_b1 = AQ_NASAL_ZERO_M_B1;
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
}
case 'y':
/* palatal glide. In a Cy cluster (きょ/びょ: 'y' right after a
* consonant) use the milder palatal ONGLIDE that blends into the
* following vowel instead of a full /i/ that adds a spurious mora.
* A standalone や/ゆ/よ (preceded by a vowel/pause/start) keeps the
* full /i/ onset. Gated to labial clusters (see is_labial_consonant). */
if (is_labial_consonant(prev_sig(s, s->pos - 1u))) {
start_voiced(s, AQ_ONGLIDE_Y, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_ONGLIDE_Y, 0);
add_onset(s, ms);
} else {
/* T3: at phrase onset (voiced_count==0) lengthen the /i/ onglide
* and lift its gain so a STANDALONE や/ゆ/よ onset survives
* (yukkuri's や). Restricted to standalone (prev is not a
* consonant): a phrase-onset velar Cy cluster きょ shares this
* branch, and boosting it regressed こんにちわ. */
uint32_t yms = ms;
float yg = AQ_VOWEL_GAIN[1] * 0.6f;
if (s->voiced_count == 0u &&
!is_consonant_letter(prev_sig(s, s->pos - 1u))) {
yms = scale_ms(s, 55u);
yg *= 1.2f;
}
start_voiced(s, VOWTBL(s)[1], 3u, yms, yg, 0);
add_onset(s, yms);
}
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'w':
/* labiovelar glide [ɰ]: low-F2 labial locus, then glides to
* the vowel. Uses the dedicated AQ_GLIDE_W, not the /u/ [ɯ]
* table (whose high F2 gave わ/を the wrong place cue).
* (T3 tried phrase-onset lengthening+gain here; it REGRESSED
* わ -- wakuwaku 0.75->0.83 and kawaii 0.43->0.64 -- so /w/ is
* left unchanged. Only the /y/ phrase-onset boost was kept.) */
start_voiced(s, AQ_GLIDE_W, 3u, ms, AQ_VOWEL_GAIN[2] * 0.7f, 0);
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'r':
/* alveolar tap [ɾ]: short voiced segment at the alveolar
* locus so the following vowel glides from the right place
* (was the /e/ vowel table, whose F2 was too high). */
{
uint32_t rms = scale_ms(s, 30u);
start_voiced(s, AQ_TAP_R, 3u, rms, AQ_GAIN_GLIDE, 0);
add_onset(s, rms);
}
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'p': case 'b':
case 't': case 'd': case 'c':
case 'k': case 'g':
/* plosive: closure (silence) then a place-specific burst.
* (c only occurs in 'ch'; treated as an alveolar stop, with
* the following 'h' becoming frication -> affricate.) */
if (lc == 'p' || lc == 'b') {
place = AQ_PLACE_LABIAL;
} else if (lc == 'k' || lc == 'g') {
/* velar pinch is vowel-dependent: high before front /i,e/
* (incl. palatal 'y' glide of きゃ), mid before back. */
uint8_t nv = peek_next(s);
place = (nv == 'i' || nv == 'e' || nv == 'y')
? AQ_PLACE_VELAR_FRONT : AQ_PLACE_VELAR;
} else {
place = AQ_PLACE_ALVEOLAR;
}
{
/* Sokuon (促音 っ) geminate stop: the frontend doubles the
* stop letter (っこ->kko, って->tte, っぱ->ppa, っちゃ->ccha).
* Render this FIRST copy as an extra-long HELD closure (silence)
* with NO burst and return; the second copy then renders its
* normal closure+burst. The pair becomes one held closure + a
* SINGLE release, replacing the old double closure+burst (two
* audible stop releases). */
uint8_t nx = s->koe[s->pos];
uint8_t nlc = (nx >= 'A' && nx <= 'Z') ? (uint8_t)(nx + 32) : nx;
if (nlc == lc) {
/* sokuon held closure IS the extra mora: it replaces the
* first consonant copy and must NOT draw from the next
* mora's budget. The SECOND copy's closure+burst below
* counts normally, so reset the accumulator here. */
start_closure(s, scale_ms(s, AQ_GEMINATE_HOLD_MS),
burst_table(place));
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
s->prev_voiceless =
(lc == 'p' || lc == 't' || lc == 'k' || lc == 'c');
return 0;
}
}
if (lc == 'c') {
/* T1: detect the /tɕ/ yoon ちゃ/ちゅ/ちょ = c + h + non-'i' vowel
* (the same case the 'h' branch renders as SH frication). Flag
* the queued burst to be short so the closure releases into the
* sibilant. Plain ち (c+h+i) and た/て/と are left untouched. */
uint8_t hc = s->koe[s->pos];
if ((hc == 'h' || hc == 'H')) {
int avi = vowel_index(s->koe[s->pos + 1u]);
if (avi >= 0 && avi != 1) {
s->affricate_burst = 1u;
}
}
}
{
/* The closure is SILENCE: the perceived mora beat runs
* vowel-onset to vowel-onset and a silent gap reads half as
* pause, half as mora content. Counting it in FULL starved
* the k/t-row vowels, so it counts HALF; the audible burst
* counts by its own (velar-halved) rule at the burst site. */
uint32_t cms = scale_ms(s, AQ_CLOSURE_MS);
start_closure(s, cms, burst_table(place));
add_onset(s, cms / 2u);
}
s->pending_burst = place;
/* /c/ (ち/ちゃ) is an alveolar voiceless stop but an affricate:
* it releases into /ɕ/ frication, so it must NOT get a VOT gap
* (that would split off a spurious /t/). Mark it here; the flag
* persists to the burst site and is cleared there. */
s->plosive_is_c = (uint8_t)(lc == 'c');
s->prev_voiceless = (lc == 'p' || lc == 't' || lc == 'k' || lc == 'c');
return 0;
case 's':
if (s->koe[s->pos] == 's' || s->koe[s->pos] == 'S') {
/* Sokuon geminate fricative (っさ->ssa, っし->sshi,
* っしょ->ssho, ざっし->zasshi): render the FIRST 's' as a held
* silence, and let the second 's' render the actual frication
* (incl. the /sh/ of っしょ). One held closure + one fricative,
* instead of two fricatives. */
/* sokuon geminate fricative: held closure is the extra mora */
start_closure(s, scale_ms(s, AQ_GEMINATE_HOLD_MS), AQ_FRIC_S);
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
return 0;
}
if (s->koe[s->pos] == 'h' || s->koe[s->pos] == 'H') {
s->pos++; /* s + h -> /sh/ */
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_SH, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_SH);
} else {
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_S, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_S);
}
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
return 0;
case 'z':
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_S, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_S); /* voiced /z/ ~ /s/ */
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'j':
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_SH, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_SH); /* /j/ ~ voiced /sh/ */
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
case 'h': {
/* The 'h' of "ch" is the sibilant release of the /tɕ/
* affricate: after the alveolar 'c' burst, render palatal
* /ɕ/ frication (like し/しゃ), NOT the next vowel's
* aspiration. Without this ちゃ = t-burst + breathy-a ("たは")
* with no sibilant at all. Restricted to the yoon ちゃ/ちゅ/ちょ
* (non-'i' vowel); plain ち keeps its /i/-colored aspiration,
* which already decodes well (SH there regresses こんにち...). */
if (s->pos >= 2u &&
(s->koe[s->pos - 2u] == 'c' || s->koe[s->pos - 2u] == 'C') &&
peek_next(s) != 'i') {
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_SH, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_SH);
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
return 0;
}
/* /h/ is the whispered onset of the following vowel: shape
* the aspiration with that vowel's FREQUENCIES but OPEN-GLOTTIS
* (wide-band) formants (は/ひ/ふ differ). Using the vowel's own
* narrow bandwidths made a whistle-peaked "vowel-as-noise";
* ASPTBL widens B1->~280, B2/B3->~1.75x per Klatt 1980. */
int hv = vowel_index(peek_next(s));
if (hv >= 0) {
start_breath_noise(s, ASPTBL(s)[hv], 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_ASP);
} else {
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_H, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_H);
}
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
return 0;
}
case 'f':
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_F, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_F);
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 1u;
return 0;
default:
start_breath_noise(s, AQ_FRIC_H, 3u, ms, AQ_GAIN_FRIC_H);
add_onset(s, ms);
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
return 0;
}
}
}
if (!s->final_pause_started) {
uint32_t ms = s->len_pause == 256u ? 20u : 120u;
s->final_pause_started = 1u;
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_SILENCE;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
s->target_gain = 0.0f;
set_seg_duration(s, ms);
return 0;
}
s->eod = 1u;
return 1;
}
static int16_t synth_one(aq_synth_t *s) {
float x;
float y;
uint8_t i;
if (s->seg_remaining == 0u) {
if (start_next_segment(s) != 0) {
return 0;
}
}
/* glide current filter coefficients and gain toward the segment targets;
* the filter state itself is never reset, giving formant transitions. */
for (i = 0u; i < AQ_MAX_RES; ++i) {
interp_toward(&s->res_a1[i], s->res_ta1[i], AQ_COEF_RATE);
interp_toward(&s->res_a2[i], s->res_ta2[i], AQ_COEF_RATE);
interp_toward(&s->res_b0[i], s->res_tb0[i], AQ_COEF_RATE);
}
interp_toward(&s->cur_gain, s->target_gain, AQ_GAIN_RATE);
if (s->voiced_source) {
float flow;
if (s->seg_total != 0u) {
/* F0 glides over pitch_ramp_total samples, then holds. Speech sets
* the ramp to the whole segment (the clamp never engages -- byte-
* identical to the old whole-segment glide); a sung note sets a
* short portamento so the pitch then sits flat on the note. */
uint32_t ramp = s->pitch_ramp_total != 0u ? s->pitch_ramp_total : s->seg_total;
uint32_t pp = s->seg_pos < ramp ? s->seg_pos : ramp;
s->step_q16 = (uint32_t)((int32_t)s->step_start_q16 +
(s->step_delta_q16 * (int32_t)pp) / (int32_t)ramp);
if (s->rise_tail && s->seg_pos >= s->rise_tail_start) {
/* question-final tail rise: add a second slope over the last ~35ms */
uint32_t span = s->seg_total - s->rise_tail_start;
if (span != 0u) {
s->step_q16 += (s->rise_step_extra * (s->seg_pos - s->rise_tail_start)) / span;
}
}
}
/* Advance the phase by the JITTERED increment. jit_factor is held
* constant for the whole cycle, so scaling the per-sample step scales
* the cycle LENGTH -- genuine per-period jitter, not per-sample noise.
* On each cycle wrap (high 16 bits of the phase change) refresh the two
* clamped random walks and recompute the factors for the next period. */
{
uint32_t prev_phase = s->phase_q16;
float eff = (float)s->step_q16 * s->jit_factor;
if (s->sing_seg && s->seg_pos >= (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * AQ_VIB_DELAY_MS) / 1000u) {
/* Sung-note vibrato: a slow LFO on the phase step, starting
* only after the note has settled and easing its depth in so
* short notes stay straight and long ones bloom. Parabolic
* sine approximation (libm-free). */
uint32_t el = s->seg_pos - (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * AQ_VIB_DELAY_MS) / 1000u;
uint32_t rampv = (AQ_SAMPLE_RATE * AQ_VIB_RAMP_MS) / 1000u;
float p, xx, v, depth;
s->vib_phase_q16 += AQ_VIB_STEP_Q16;
p = (float)(s->vib_phase_q16 & 0xffffu) * (1.0f / 65536.0f);
xx = (p < 0.5f) ? (2.0f * p) : (2.0f * (p - 0.5f));
v = 4.0f * xx * (1.0f - xx);
if (p >= 0.5f) v = -v;
depth = AQ_VIB_DEPTH;
if (el < rampv) depth *= (float)el / (float)rampv;
eff *= 1.0f + depth * v;
}
s->phase_q16 = prev_phase + (uint32_t)(eff + 0.5f);
if (((s->phase_q16 ^ prev_phase) & 0xffff0000u) != 0u) {
float rj, rs;
s->jrng = s->jrng * 1664525u + 1013904223u;
rj = (float)((int32_t)((s->jrng >> 9) & 0x7fffffu) - 0x400000) * (1.0f / 4194304.0f);
s->jrng = s->jrng * 1664525u + 1013904223u;
rs = (float)((int32_t)((s->jrng >> 9) & 0x7fffffu) - 0x400000) * (1.0f / 4194304.0f);
s->jit_walk += AQ_JITTER_STEP * rj;
if (s->jit_walk > AQ_JITTER_MAX) s->jit_walk = AQ_JITTER_MAX;
if (s->jit_walk < -AQ_JITTER_MAX) s->jit_walk = -AQ_JITTER_MAX;
s->shm_walk += AQ_SHIMMER_STEP * rs;
if (s->shm_walk > AQ_SHIMMER_MAX) s->shm_walk = AQ_SHIMMER_MAX;
if (s->shm_walk < -AQ_SHIMMER_MAX) s->shm_walk = -AQ_SHIMMER_MAX;
s->jit_factor = 1.0f + s->jit_walk;
s->shm_factor = 1.0f + s->shm_walk;
}
}
flow = glottal_flow(s->phase_q16);
x = flow - s->src_prev; /* radiation: glottal flow derivative */
s->src_prev = flow;
if (s->breath > 0.0f) {
/* aspiration: turbulent noise mixed into the glottal source and
* shaped by the same formants -- a soft, breathy (younger) timbre.
* breath==0 skips this entirely, so the normal voice is unchanged. */
float nz;
s->rng = s->rng * 1664525u + 1013904223u;
nz = (float)((int32_t)((s->rng >> 9) & 0x7fffffu) - 0x400000) * (1.0f / 4194304.0f);
nz = 0.7f * (nz + s->nz1); /* same -6dB/oct tilt: breath, not hiss */
s->nz1 = nz;
x += s->breath * nz;
}
if (s->tilt > 0.0f) {
/* per-voice source tilt: one-pole lowpass mix softens the phonation
* (see AQ_VOICES note). Off (0.0) for the normal voice -> this
* branch is skipped and the output stays byte-identical. */
float t = (1.0f - s->tilt) * x + s->tilt * s->tilt_y1;
s->tilt_y1 = t;
x = t;
}
if (s->use_antireson) { /* nasal anti-resonance (spectral null) */
float z = x + s->zero_b1 * s->zx1 + AQ_NASAL_ZERO_B2 * s->zx2;
s->zx2 = s->zx1;
s->zx1 = x;
x = z;
}
x *= s->shm_factor; /* per-period amplitude shimmer (held across cycle) */
} else if (s->seg_kind == AQ_SEG_NOISE) {
s->rng = s->rng * 1664525u + 1013904223u;
x = (float)((int32_t)((s->rng >> 9) & 0x7fffffu) - 0x400000) * (1.0f / 4194304.0f);
if (s->soft_attack) {
/* Breath-class noise (/s,sh,z,j,h,f/): real turbulence falls off
* ~-6 dB/oct, but a raw PRNG is WHITE -- half its energy lands in
* 2-4 kHz where the ear is most sensitive, which is the piercing
* "刺さる" quality no gain cut can fix. 2-tap average = zero at
* Nyquist (Klatt-style source tilt). 0.7*(sum) keeps RMS ~unity. */
float sm = 0.7f * (x + s->nz1);
s->nz1 = x;
x = sm;
} else if (s->burst_decay) {
/* Plosive burst: one-pole high-pass (flat above cutoff) drains the
* sub-400Hz rumble ("ザリッ" gravel) without boosting highs or
* broadening the velar pinch. NOTE: a decaying amplitude envelope
* was tested and REJECTED (starves the burst->vowel place
* transition; kokoro 0.33->0.75, mata 0.00->0.82). */
float y0 = AQ_BURST_HP_A * (s->bhp_y1 + x - s->bhp_x1);
s->bhp_x1 = x;
s->bhp_y1 = y0;
x = y0 * AQ_BURST_HP_COMP;
}
if (s->tilt > 0.0f) {
/* Cute-voice round 3 (user ear: か still pierces): the k-burst and
* especially its VOT aspiration gap are NOISE segments, so they
* bypassed the voiced-source tilt -- measured, the gap frame hit
* 82.5% >2kHz energy (white noise through the cute aspiration
* table's 2.2/3.2 kHz poles) while the widened vowels now sit at
* ~5%. Apply the same per-voice tilt to the noise excitation so
* consonant noise softens with the vowels around it. Normal
* voice: tilt 0, branch skipped, byte-identical. */
float t = (1.0f - s->tilt) * x + s->tilt * s->tilt_y1;
s->tilt_y1 = t;
x = t;
}
} else {
x = 0.0f; /* silence: filter rings down while gain fades to 0 */
}
{
/* per-voice loudness trim BEFORE the soft clip, so trimming also pulls
* peaks out of the knee (multiply by 1.0f is exact: voice 0 unchanged) */
float g = s->cur_gain * s->gain_scale;
if (s->soft_attack && s->seg_total != 0u) {
/* gradual breath onset: ramp the noise amplitude 0.30 -> 1.0 across
* the segment so /h/,/f/ swell in instead of bursting. A hard noise
* attack over a short frame reads as exhaling too forcefully. */
float t = (float)s->seg_pos / (float)s->seg_total;
g *= 0.30f + 0.70f * t;
} else if (s->burst_env && s->seg_total != 0u) {
/* voiceless-velar burst: early-peak decay (1.0 -> 0.4 linear across
* the segment) so the burst reads as a quick reference-like release
* instead of a sustained noise plateau. The following aspiration gap
* carries the transition, so decaying the burst no longer starves
* the place cue (which is why this shape failed before the gap).
* The steeper 1.0->0.4 decay regressed the precious kokoro anchor
* (0.08->0.33): the burst's later half still carries part of the
* velar->vowel F2 transition. 1.0->0.65 quiets the sustained tail
* (the ザリッ plateau) while leaving that place cue intact. */
float t = (float)s->seg_pos / (float)s->seg_total;
g *= 1.0f - 0.35f * t;
}
y = soft_clip(run_resonators(s, x) * g);
}
s->seg_remaining--;
s->seg_pos++;
if (y > 32767.0f) y = 32767.0f;
if (y < -32768.0f) y = -32768.0f;
return (int16_t)(y >= 0.0f ? y + 0.5f : y - 0.5f);
}
static void reset_runtime(aq_synth_t *s) {
uint8_t i;
s->pos = 0u;
s->final_pause_started = 0u;
s->eod = 0u;
s->seg_kind = AQ_SEG_SILENCE;
s->seg_remaining = 0u;
s->seg_total = 0u;
s->seg_pos = 0u;
s->phase_q16 = 0u;
s->step_start_q16 = 0u;
s->step_q16 = 0u;
s->step_delta_q16 = 0;
s->jrng = 0x9e3779b9u; /* dedicated jitter/shimmer PRNG seed (deterministic) */
s->jit_walk = 0.0f;
s->jit_factor = 1.0f;
s->shm_walk = 0.0f;
s->shm_factor = 1.0f;
s->rng = 1u;
s->nz1 = 0.0f;
s->tilt_y1 = 0.0f;
s->bhp_x1 = 0.0f;
s->bhp_y1 = 0.0f;
s->filter_primed = 0u;
s->voiced_count = 0u;
s->accent_passed = 0u;
s->pending_burst = 0u;
s->pending_aspiration = 0u;
s->aspgap_ms = 0u;
s->plosive_is_c = 0u;
s->affricate_burst = 0u;
s->prev_voiceless = 0u;
s->prev_devoiced = 0u;
s->onset_ms_used = 0u;
s->note_pending = 0u;
s->note_step_q16 = 0u;
s->note_len_ms = AQ_NOTE_LEN_DEFAULT_MS;
s->note_default_ms = AQ_NOTE_LEN_DEFAULT_MS;
s->pitch_ramp_total = 0u;
s->sing_seg = 0u;
s->vib_phase_q16 = 0u;
s->rise_final = 0u;
s->rise_tail = 0u;
s->rise_tail_start = 0u;
s->rise_step_extra = 0u;
s->voiced_source = 0u;
s->src_prev = 0.0f;
s->cur_gain = 0.0f;
s->target_gain = 0.0f;
s->use_antireson = 0u;
s->soft_attack = 0u;
s->burst_decay = 0u;
s->burst_env = 0u;
s->zero_b1 = 0.0f;
s->zx1 = 0.0f;
s->zx2 = 0.0f;
for (i = 0u; i < AQ_MAX_RES; ++i) {
s->res_a1[i] = 0.0f; /* current + target = pass-through */
s->res_a2[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_b0[i] = 1.0f;
s->res_ta1[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_ta2[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_tb0[i] = 1.0f;
s->res_y1[i] = 0.0f;
s->res_y2[i] = 0.0f;
}
}
void aq_synth_reset(aq_synth_t *s, uint16_t frame_len) {
if (s == 0) {
return;
}
s->frame_len = frame_len == 0u ? AQ_DEFAULT_FRAME : frame_len;
s->speed = 100u;
s->len_pause = 256u;
aq_synth_set_voice(s, 0u); /* default voice; set_koe preserves it */
s->koe = 0;
s->initialized = 1u;
reset_runtime(s);
}
/* Select a speaker voice preset. Persists across set_koe (which only resets
* runtime state), so call it any time after reset/Init. */
void aq_synth_set_voice(aq_synth_t *s, uint8_t voice) {
const aq_voice_preset_t *v;
if (s == 0) {
return;
}
/* voice 1 (cute) = higher F0 + up-shifted formants (small speaker) + livelier
* pitch + slower delivery. The formant shift is the key cue, not F0 alone. */
v = &AQ_VOICES[voice ? 1u : 0u];
s->base_f0 = v->base_f0;
s->accent_range = v->accent_range;
s->dur_scale = v->dur_scale;
s->breath = v->breath;
s->tilt = v->tilt;
s->tilt_y1 = 0.0f;
s->gain_scale = v->gain_scale;
s->vowel_tbl = (const void *)v->vowels;
}
int aq_synth_set_koe(aq_synth_t *s, const uint8_t *koe, uint16_t speed, uint16_t len_pause) {
if (s == 0 || koe == 0 || !s->initialized) {
return -1;
}
s->koe = koe;
s->speed = speed == 0u ? 100u : speed;
s->len_pause = len_pause;
reset_runtime(s);
return 0;
}
int aq_synth_read_frame(aq_synth_t *s, int16_t *dst, uint16_t *samples) {
uint16_t i;
if (s == 0 || dst == 0 || samples == 0 || !s->initialized) {
return -1;
}
if (s->eod) {
*samples = 0u;
return 1;
}
for (i = 0u; i < s->frame_len; ++i) {
if (s->eod) {
break;
}
dst[i] = synth_one(s);
}
*samples = i;
if (i == 0u && s->eod) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
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