PwnPad: A Hardware Hacking Learning Platform

📖 PwnPad Wiki

Want to build your own PwnPad? The PwnPad Wiki has a thorough guide, documentation, and a step-by-step hardware hacking learning path: https://github.com/twelvesec/PwnPadWiki/wiki - it’s the best place to begin.

🎯 Goals

PwnPad was created for anyone curious about hardware hacking, no prior experience required. The project is designed to be as affordable and accessible as possible: you can build the entire setup for under $20, and complete all existing challenges using about $50 worth of basic tools.

Through hands-on learning, PwnPad guides you from the very beginning — including PCB manufacturing, soldering, and firmware extraction, all the way to advanced exploitation techniques. You'll gain practical experience with:

• Serial communication protocols like UART, SPI, and I2C
• Firmware extraction via ISP and EEPROM dumps
• Building your own ISP programmer
• Performing voltage fault injections and timing-based side-channel attacks

A key feature of PwnPad is its challenge selector via jumper pins, no need to reflash the device when switching between challenges. Simply set the pins to load a different challenge from the pre-flashed firmware.

PwnPad aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by offering a structured, hands-on path into the world of embedded systems and hardware security.

📦 Folder Overview

Folder	Description
firmware/	Firmware for each challenge
hardware/	Schematics, PCB layout, BOM, 3D Models
challenges/	Learning objectives per challenge
tools/	Scripts for building/flashing
docs/	Miscellaneous resources
modules	Modules' Gerbers & Schematics

🔍 Challenges Overview

⚠️ Important:
To consider a challenge complete, you must fulfill the goals outlined in the corresponding folder inside challenges/.
Except for Code Heist and Hard Leak, all flags must be retrieved through a serial interface (UART or I2C).

#	Name	Topics	Description
1	Serial Snitch	#UART	Intercept and decode UART communication.
2	Echo Chamber	#UART	Intercept and decode UART communication, with security through obscurity.
3	Bus Whisperer	#I2C	Spy on I2C traffic to extract secrets.
4	Invisible Wires	#I2C	Attack I2C when slave devices are missing.
5	Code Heist	#SPI #ISP #Flash #UART	Dump and analyze firmware from flash.
6	Hard Leak	#SPI #ISP #EEPROM	Extract data from the internal EEPROM.
7	Power Trip	#FaultInjection #UART	Use glitching to bypass dead code statements.
8	Glitch Storm	#FaultInjection #UART	Use glitching to bypass password verification.
9	Clock Spy	#SideChannel #UART	Leak secrets using timing variations.
10	Tempo Leak	#SideChannel #UART	Leak secrets using timing variations with a twist.
11	Chaos Chain: Glitchgate	#FaultInjection #UART	Combine UART and glitch attacks to break in.
12	Chaos Chain: Timebomb	#UART #SideChannel	Combine UART and chain timing leaks to break in.
13	Pizza Order	#SPA #SideChannel	Use a basic oscilloscope to exfiltrate the password.
14	Ladybirds	#SWD #Reversing STM32	Use a SWD debugger and patch the memmory to access the safe.

🚀 Getting Started

You can find the complete building instructions in the file: docs/PwnPad_building_instruction.pdf

If you're new to soldering or just getting started with hardware hacking, this video will guide you through assembling your PwnPad.

📺 Click the image above to watch the tutorial on YouTube.

🔬 Recommended Equipment For Solving The Challenges

• Multimeter
• Arduino UNO
• Logic Analyzer
• Jumper Wires
• Raspberry Pi Pico & MOSFET for the voltage fault injection challenges.

🕹️ How to Play

Once you've assembled and flashed your PwnPad, navigate to the challenges/ directory and open the objective file for the specific gamified challenge you want to play.

To get started, simply configure the jumpers as described in the challenge instructions and press the RESET button on your PwnPad.

For instance, to play the challenge "Serial Snitch", go to challenges/Serial Snitch.md and set the jumper pins as shown in the image below:

# **Challenge 1: "Serial Snitch"**

As a skilled hardware hacker, you've intercepted a mysterious device recovered from a rogue tech syndicate. The device, dubbed **"Specter-1"**, controls access to a secret underground server, but its interface remains locked behind an unknown UART configuration.

Your mission is clear:

1. **Identify the UART pins** you've uncovered during your investigation.
2. **Determine the correct baud rate** to establish a stable connection.
3. **Access the device’s command interface** and unlock control over the system’s lighting grid.

## Challenge Select
1 --> 1
2 --> 0
3 --> 0
4 --> 0
5 --> 0

If you'd like to track your challenge progress and submit flags, run:

bash ./tools/webapp/start.sh

Then open your browser and navigate to: http://127.0.0.1:12530

There you can submit your flags and monitor your progress.

🤝 How to Contribute

We ❤️ community contributions! If you’d like to add a new hardware challenge to PwnPad, follow the steps below to keep things consistent and functional.

🧩 Create a New Challenge

1. Add a Header File
   Create a new header file named something like challenge13.h.

2. Define Your Challenge Function
   Inside the header file, define your challenge function using this template:

   void challenge_template(void) {
       // Initialize I/O
   
       while (1) {
           // Your Main Challenge Logic
       }
   }
   

🔀 Register Your Challenge

3. Update the Main Switch
   In PwnPad.ino, locate the switch statement used for challenge selection. Add a new case for your challenge number, and call your function from there.

4. Challenge Selector Logic
   The challenge selection is handled using 5 binary jumper pins, where:

   • Pin 1 = Least Significant Bit (LSB)
   • Pin 5 = Most Significant Bit (MSB)

   For example:

   Binary: 00011 → Decimal: 3 → Selects Challenge 3
   

Make sure your challenge is self-contained, documented, and has clear goals in its own folder.

Let’s build awesome open-source hardware hacking content together!

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🛣️ Roadmap

🧠 Software Enhancements

• Introduce a Simple Power Analysis (SPA) challenge
• Introduce a Differential Power Analysis (DPA) challenge

🔧 Hardware Upgrades

• Simplify the Fault Injection interface using DIP switches to disable capacitors
• Implement an interface for external module plug-ins
• Develop new add-on modules (fully backward-compatible with existing PwnPad versions):
  • External Storage Module
  • BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Module
  • RF (Radio Frequency) Module

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🪪 Licensing

This project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE for full text.

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